Vertigo Causes and Treatment

What is Vertigo?

The word “Vertigo'' originates from the Latin language Verto. It means to roam. Vertigo is a feeling of spinning or a feeling of imbalance. The patient suffers from this when there is dizziness or imbalance.

This imbalance can cause nausea, vomiting, excessive sweating, or a feeling of unsteadiness in walking. Dizziness may increase when the head is moved or shaken.

Vertigo is a common complaint about doctors in all fields and can affect people of all age groups. In reality, 20 to 40 percent of people suffer from vertigo at some point in their lives, of which 15 percent have diabetes.

Vertigo is a symptom of a disorder in the body, it is not a disease. Vertigo can be due to many reasons, such as – BPPV, Meniere’s disease, vestibular neuritis, labyrinthitis, acoustic neuroma, otolith dysfunction, vestibular migraine, central vestibulopathy, or psychogenic disorders. Vertigo can be diagnosed and cured with the right treatment. All these diseases have different presentations and different treatment methods. The patient can get permanent benefits only after proper diagnosis and proper treatment.

Symptoms of Vertigo

Patients with vertigo can describe their symptoms in this way:-

• Headspin

• Lean-to one side

• Headache

• Feeling unsteady or unbalanced.

• Feeling of falling

• Dizziness

Some symptoms can be found along with dizziness in the patient of Vertigo, such as - Hearing loss, ringing in the ears, or headache.

Causes of Vertigo

• Meniere's disease: These are due to diseases of the inner part of the ear, due to which the hearing ability of the patient is affected. It causes sounds in the ear dizziness for a few hours. It is caused by the pressure of the fluid flowing in the inner ear. If not treated in time, ménire's disease can lead to hearing loss. Ménire's disease usually affects one ear, but it can affect both ears in 15% of cases. It can be treated with dietary changes and medications, and in advanced cases, intratympanic gentamicin injection or surgery is required.




• Vestibular neuritis: Vestibular neuritis is an infection of the nerve. Vertigo in these patients usually lasts from hours to several days. With timely diagnosis and starting exercise, the ability to balance can be made normal.




• Otolith Disorders: In this disease, the patient has a feeling of imbalance or difficulty in standing upright. Otolith disorders are diagnosed by subjective visual vertical test and VEMP (Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Testing) test. It is treated with medication to reduce the sensitivity of the nervous system to a specific rehabilitation program for otolith disorders.




• Vestibular Migraine: Vestibular migraines are one of the most common causes. Headache and dizziness are very common which are common symptoms in all age groups. It is important to determine whether the two symptoms are associated or independent of each other or caused by a migraine.
  These patients usually do not have hearing problems and often cannot tolerate loud sounds or bright light. Treatment is controlled by lifestyle changes, dietary changes, and medicines. Treatment usually takes several months.




• Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) : Such vertigo usually occurs on sleeping and changing sides, which is due to the accumulation of calcium carbonate debris in the inner ear veins. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) occurs most commonly in elderly patients, after a head injury, after prolonged bed rest, and due to an inner ear infection. Vertigo is usually diagnosed with a video nystagmus graphics test, and it is treated only after observing the condition of the particles trapped in the inner ear.